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April 28, 2025
US law enforcement agencies are increasingly using AI-powered "personas" on social media to gather information about suspected criminals. These virtual decoys are reportedly being used in investigations against suspected drug and human traffickers, as well as radicalized political activists. However, the technology is controversial, and its effectiveness has not yet been clearly proven.
Reports from US media outlets like 404 Media and Wired reveal the use of AI personas by police departments, especially in regions bordering Mexico. These virtual identities, developed by companies like Massive Blue from New York, act as undercover agents on social networks. They pose, for example, as protesters or potential victims to contact suspects and gather information about their activities.
The cost of this technology is considerable. The police department in Pinal County, Arizona, reportedly signed a $360,000 contract with Massive Blue. In return, the agency receives access to a virtual task force of up to 50 AI personas that monitor web and social media platforms around the clock. The goal is to combat human trafficking through this intensive surveillance.
The virtual investigators have individual profiles and backstories. "Jason," for example, is a shy 14-year-old with Ecuadorian roots who has been forbidden by his parents to use social media. He is intended to serve as a decoy for child traffickers. "Heidi," on the other hand, is a 36-year-old divorced activist from Texas who is searching for meaning in life and is supposed to appeal to radicalized protesters.
The functionality of Massive Blue's AI technology is largely unknown. There is no public information about how the software identifies suspects and what criteria are used to classify someone as suspicious. This lack of transparency raises questions about the legality and potential impact on citizens' privacy. It is unclear whether and to what extent the work of the AI personas has already led to arrests.
The police department in Yuma County, Arizona, did not renew its contract with Massive Blue after two years. Reasons given included the insufficient performance of the technology, as well as concerns about mass surveillance and the criminalization of citizens. This decision underscores the existing doubts about the effectiveness and ethical implications of using AI personas in law enforcement.
The use of AI-powered investigative methods is still in its early stages. The technology holds both potential and risks. It remains to be seen whether the use of AI personas in law enforcement will prevail in the long term and what impact this will have on society and the individual rights of citizens. A transparent discussion about the ethical and legal aspects of this technology is essential.
